owen meany essays

owen meany expositions In the novel, A Prayer for Owen Meany, by John Irving, Owen Meanys conviction of destiny has a critical effect on John Wheelwrights enthusiastic soundness as a grown-up. John Wheelwright is horribly harsh and furious about his past encounters since he sticks to a past that never allows him to pick. This sharpness energizes his repulsiveness towards the United States and the Reagan organization, since he comprehends that everything is in certainty fated similarly as Owen Meany had accepted and he feels powerless on the grounds that there is nothing he can do to change the course of occasions throughout everyday life. The demise and duty of Johns moms passing fell under the control of Owen Meany and John can never acknowledge that it was Owens destiny to murder Johns mother. The Vietnam War was totally out of Johns hands to control being a youthful grown-up and all, and the way that in the end the war in a roundabout way ended the life of his closest companion, for this he feels vulnerably mindful and furious. Into adulthood, John turns out to be unpleasant towards the United States and its cataclysmic news since he realizes it is completely bound to occur, and like everything else in his life, he has no control or capacity to transform anything. The demise of Johns mother, Tabitha Wheelwright, was out of Johns control and the activity is fated to be executed by Owen. Her passing falls into Owens hands in light of the fact that as he trusts one night after an abominable fever, that he had interfered with the Angel of Death. Along these lines, the undertaking was then positioned on him with the goa l that he would be the one to execute Tabitha Wheelwright. In Owens assessment, he had INTERUPTED AN ANGEL, he had DISTURBED AN ANGEL AT WORK, he had UPSET THE SCHEME OF THINGS.- The Angel, pg. 102 Owen persuaded himself that the explanation he was utilized to slaughter Johns mother is on the grounds that he is an instrument of God and that God had removed Owens hands since he is weakly under... <! Owen meany papers All through the novel, A Prayer for Owen Meany, John Wheelwright battles to determine his strict confidence with his incredulity and uncertainty. Before the finish of the novel John observes the marvel of Owen Meany, which offers proof and takes out the uncertainty: I am bound to recollect the kid with a destroyed voice not as a result of his voice, or on the grounds that he was the littlest individual I at any point knew, or on the grounds that he was the instrument of my moms passing, but since he is the explanation I have confidence in God; I am Christian in light of Owen Meany. (Irving 1) However, John repudiates himself in the accompanying line when he proclaims, I make no cases to have a real existence in Christ, or with Christ and unquestionably not for Christ. The irregularity with Johns tributes suggests vulnerability and false reverence. Does John truly have faith in God, or does he put stock in the supernatural occurrence of Owen Meany? Owen Meany had numerous Christ like qualities. He knows and accepts that he is an instrument of God. He bases his whole confidence on his prophetic information on his own demise, for which he gets ready for as long as he can remember. His demise is in the specific way he had figured it would be. Owen realized that his courageous passing would have been executing, yet acknowledges it as his motivation. Much after Owens demise, John is visited twice by the obvious voice. Amusingly, comparative circumstances happen in the Bible. In 1 Samuel 3 God cautions Samuel about his arrangement against Eli. In Genesis the voice of God is conversing with Noah about structure an ark. In any case, Owen had guaranteed John before his passing that God would disclose to him who his dad was, yet the voice requested, [John] LOOK IN THE THIRD DRAWER, RIGHT-HAND SIDE, was Owens voice, not Gods. The regular qualities that are seen among Christ and Owen make it hard for John to figure out what he truly has faith in. John has never ... <! owen meany expositions In the novel composed by John Irvin, A Prayer for Owen Meany, the hero, Owen Meany is depicted a picture which shows a bizarre type of God through his activities and words. Owen Meany talked and contributed from numerous points of view to educate others regarding God, showed attributes, that demonstrates his reality is more than extraordinary and for a reason, and furthermore pictured events of many key future occasions. Right off the bat, as Owen grew up, he started conveying his messages on life and confidence. Owen had become a teacher in the network and in the congregation. Owens greatest deed was showing John Wheelwright what confidence was about, and what it intended to have it. John consistently recollected Owen since he was the explanation I put stock in God, I am Christian as a result of Owen Meany (1). Not exclusively was it Owen who helped John through school, gave him the endowment of perusing, spared his life, and kept him out of Vietnam, he additionally showed John the most significant exercise in confidence; that seeing didn't mean accepting. He was a characteristic head, he prevailed upon individuals by his influential words; On the grounds that A BUNCH ATHEIST ARE BETTER WRITERS THAN THE GUYS WHO WROTE THE BIBLE, DOESN'T NECESSARILY MAKE THEM RIGHT (277). Through Owens different useful tidbits, and numerous distributions, he got others to have faith in God, and furthermore set forth their confidence in him. All things considered, Owen had the option to improve the musings of others coordinated towards God, which thusly, depicts Owen as an errand person sent by God, hence an instrument. Next, Owen Meany discovered faith in that God had made him for an uncommon and important reason. Owen accepted he was the explanation Johns mother Tabitha was executed. Subsequent to having gone into her room, Owen saw an alarming picture of an apparition. Owen Meany accepted he had recently interfered with the blessed messenger of death at her work, and was passed the light of Johns moms demise. In Owens sentiment, he had DISTURBED AN ANGEL AT WORK, he had UPSET THE ... <!

Semiotics of a Magazine Free Essays

Considering semiotics: When we are taking a gander at the investigation of semiotics it implies we are to dissect the utilization of signs and images that the magazine spread employments. When contemplating an image, promotion or magazine spread you can take nearly anything as a sign or image, anything can speak to anything at the caution of the essayist or editorial manager. It is for us to decipher what each sign or image is speaking to supposedly. We will compose a custom exposition test on Semiotics of a Magazine or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Semiotics are significant in a work as they give us a superior knowledge into the substance, the philosophy and what's in store inside the magazine. After a nearby examination of the semiotics of a magazine we can discover increasingly about what it is about and can comprehend it more. By perusing the signs and images it gives us a superior feeling of the kind of magazine. â€Å"In Barthian visual semiotics, the key thought is the layering of importance. The principal layer is the layer of indication, of what, or who, is being delineated here? The subsequent layer is the layer of meaning, of what thoughts and qualities are communicated through what is spoken to, and through the manner by which it is spoken to? † (Van Leeuwen, 2001) The initial step of the semiotic deconstruction of the spread is to â€Å"identify important signs and their predominant aspects† (Van Zoonen, 1994, p. 78) From a first look at the magazine spread we can see that the masthead is in large and intense capitals as to stand apart to the crowd. Individuals will take a gander at the masthead and consequently perceive the magazine from the hues and text style. The tone of orange and pink they use are hues that are spoken to as characteristically girly hues. The sell lines on the left and right of the magazine are utilized to tell the crowd what’s remembered for the magazine or who is in it. It will likewise give an understanding to the class of the magazine by demonstrating what sort of articles are incorporated and what sort of craftsmen or individuals they meeting or discussion about. They incorporate words, for example, â€Å"World exclusive† to cause the crowd to accept they are getting something that no one else has and that it is an unquestionable requirement have. The header on this magazine peruses â€Å"Britain’s No. 1 Women’s magazine†. This is to stand out to the magazine on the rack for other ladies to purchase it other the getting that in the event that it is well known with every other person, at that point you ought to appreciate it as well. The utilization of the white on the pink likewise stands apart as the top is ordinarily what you will see first on a magazine on the rack in a shop. The principle picture utilized in this magazine is an image of Angelina Jolie, who Is a well known on-screen character and design symbol. The picture takes up about the entire foundation and is clearly being utilized as a major selling purpose of this magazine. She isn't wearing any garments from our perspective on the picture and has her cosmetics done consummately. This picture is very sexualized by her outward appearance and the measure of skin appeared. The utilization of a force quote with â€Å"I went from Nanny to Prostitute in 24 hours† , is utilized to attract the crowd to the magazine are need to peruse why this occurred and addition their advantage and consideration . It shows that the magazine has these sort of tattle stories that a few ladies have incredible enthusiasm for perusing. Having confined the significant signs and parts of the magazine we at that point must â€Å"continue to look at the paradigmusicatic of signs by asking what their missing contrary energies are and how they identify with one another syntagmatically†. This is to state that we have to discover the presumptions made by a first gander at the spread and to check whether they have any contrary energies. The fundamental picture utilized in the spread is of a white western lady. This is the iconography of the western world as she is somebody who might be well known all through. On the off chance that they had a darker lady of less importance on the page, at that point you would feel that the magazine would not sell the same number of duplicates. Her hair is down and her outward appearance and absence of apparel is very sexualized while if you somehow happened to have her edgy with hair tied up and in a proper outfit then you may believe that individuals would not get it as she doesn’t appear as open and laid back and less inclined to be giving all her tattle in the meeting. You feel that there is a sort of ethnocentrism identified with magazines, for example, these as they frequently are related with individuals related with your own western culture and not from anyplace else. We can then being to denotate what is on the magazine spread. The shading plan utilized is that of pink, orange and white. This is to relate the magazine legitimately to ladies as these are cliché female hues. The textual style utilized is a fundamental one and is frequently in intense; it is anything but difficult to peruse and stands apart on the page. The spread lines highlight â€Å"3 sex insider facts that will change everything†, different lines about the big names remembered for the magazine and furthermore â€Å"How to dispose of cellulite or if nothing else stow away it†, all the coverlines are identified with either sex, picture or big name lives. On a meaning level we can see that the undertones assembled by investigation of this spread they are overwhelmingly about gentility and sexuality. Indeed, even idea his is a magazine for ladies we see that the fundamental picture utilized is an image of, what we are made to accept, Angelina Jolie bare. She has her cosmetics done up and has a sexualized look in her eyes gazing at the camera. This is a befuddling choice in these magazines as you would feel that in the event that you are to decide by how male magazines are made, with semi exposed pictures of ladies likewise, at that point you would imagine that they would have a semi bare man on the spread to their magazine. The 21st century has indicated a change back to when ladies have been utilized as items in magazines like this in western human progress however is simply taken to be the ordinariness in this piece of the world. â€Å"The re-sexualisation of women’s bodies, regularly showed in broad daylight space and in close delicate pornography structures, goes nearly unremarked †with the exception of by those from other, less ‘liberated’ cultures†. Branston, 2010) The media has an immense control on how we speak to ladies and men in a western civilisation. Based on what is perused and found in magazine we get the view of this is the manner by which typical individuals ought to be and act and that is totally controllable and exchangeable by what the media decides to do. This is a powerful that we should attempt to move away from as it will control the world and individuals will consistently be intending to resemble the VIPs and individuals appeared in these magazines and in the media. Research on media portrayals of sex has concentrated on how ladies are typified and abused in a media setting and on the hole between social reality and media developments of gentility and masculinity†( Devereux, 2003) The possibility that big names mean such a great amount in our general public impacts on individuals to resemble them. VIPs are simply ordinary individuals that have maybe an ability or an alternate look, however once the media tosses them into the spotlight then it is our chance to revere them. Magazines, for example, this one are loaded up with promoting and phony stories and the spread shows this by demonstrating concealed publicizing for a â€Å"? 5 dress that compliments everyone†. This sort of publicizing attracts individuals to peruse ‘stories’ that are in reality only advertisements for various items. â€Å"The purpose of exposure and advancement is to transform publicizing into news†(Turner, 2004) References: Branston, G. , Stafford, R. (2010). The media student’s bookâ (5thâ ed. ). London: Routledge. Devereux, E. (2003). Understanding the Media. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Turner, G. (2004). Getting Celebrity. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Van, L. T. , ; Jewitt, C. (2001). Handbook of visual investigation. London: SAGE. Zoonen, L. (1994). Women's activist media contemplates. London: Sage. The most effective method to refer to Semiotics of a Magazine, Papers

City Hospitality free essay sample

City Hospitality On a brilliant early morning, I wake up from my profound rest. After my typical breakfast of Quaker Oats, my mother drives me out of our minor two-room condo, and into the avenues of our neighborhood, Harlem. The climate is warm, and a decent breeze is blowing easily. Some time later, I am sitting in the smooth and hard seats of New York City metro, my four-year-old eyes dashing around apprehensively, taking a gander at all the various individuals sitting and standing. The tram starts to move, and after a spell underground, we ascend to an extension. Peering out the windows, what was only a couple of moments prior a profound dark turns into the great New York horizon. The transcending high rises, the bug-like vehicles arranged in a road turned parking lot, and the grimy sky burst into my view. At our stop, we stroll up a stairway and mix in namelessly into the avenues of New York City. We will compose a custom exposition test on City Hospitality or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page We pass a vagrant sitting against a store divider. Also, obviously, I can always remember the pigeons, dispersed along the avenues searching for bits of nourishment. My mother drives me inside a structure with a play area close to it. Down the corridor, I go into a room, and my faculties spike to life. I had never observed such huge numbers of children all together. While my mother converses with some woman, I start to get anxious, detecting something bizarre is going on. My mother bids farewell and starts to leave, and my eyes well up. I don’t realize what to do, or even where I am. The woman lets me know, â€Å"Welcome to your first day of school, I will be your teacher.† She quiets me down, and drives me to a table with colored pencils, where I am bound to go through the day drawing kid's shows with Carlos, Diego, and Rachel, three children who I just met. In a range of perhaps two hours, I had gone from feeling pining to go home to feeling comfortable, and having a ton of fun. This day truly indicated me notwithstanding some underlying feelings of trepidation, the city was warm and tolerating of individuals, regardless of what your identity is, and where you originate from. I was conceived in Queens, when my folks had scarcely lived in the US for a year, and went through the initial five years of my life in Harlem. New York is the home of the Yankees, my preferred group from that point forward. It’s home of the numerous metros I took day by day to preschool, and to a heap of societies, individuals, and eventsâ€some of which I had the benefit of encountering in the initial five years of my life, for example, going to Madison Square Garden, and playing on the play areas of Central Park. The strolls in the lanes, excursions to Central Park, and seeing such a large number of various, neighborly individuals were regular events in my youth. At the point when I was five, my folks landed new positions and chose to move upstate and out of the city. In the a long time since I left the Big Apple, we have since a long time ago changed in accordance with the white collar class life. Just quite a while later did I understand the circumstance we were in thos e days, living in a confined loft, and eating free suppers from school. In any case, I would not exchange these encounters for anything. For one, they cause me to value the conditions I appreciate now. However, above all a portion of the interests I’ve created in New York City remain with me today: the Yankees, pride and valuation for decent variety, and the city. I left New York longer than 10 years prior, however my time and recollections made in that great spot will never leave me.

Topic If you could take back any deed (Essay) - 275 Words

If you could take back any deed you have done and do it differently, what would it be? (Essay Sample) Content: As I was growing up, it was instilled in me that the level of a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s success was measured by their level of education. In my society, all those people who were accorded respect and believed to be successful had at least a university education. Despite the fact that my grandfather earned his respect in the society for being successful farmer and a retired athlete, my parents and other learned relatives believed that attaining a university degree was the avenue to success. As a child, I was obligated to obey my parents so I didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t have the option to choose what I deemed the path to success.I attended the most prestigious schools around the country and I performed exemplary both in academics, sports and co-curriculum activities. Immediately when I joined high school, I join the school basketball team where I rose from the ranks to become a captain. My dad had a problem with my sports career to the point that he would advice me to leave the sports and concentrate in studies. A new principal was posted to the school, he was academics oriented. He developed a rule that students in their final year could not participate in sports and every student should wake up at 4 am.All students got discouraged with the way the new administration was handling the issue. Some of my teammates were dissatisfied too and the only solution they came up with was to pr...

The Cost Of Addiction / Substance Abuse Essay - 936 Words

Analysis of the Cost of Addiction/Substance Abuse Stevens Smith (2013) ascertain that alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs have cost $180-$484 billion dollars annually, yet that dollar estimate does not include what damage it causes to the family and victims of substance abuse users. In contrast, research indicates to use caution when deciphering the costs of substance abuse due to new data that is constantly changing (Single, 2009). Furthermore, some associated costs may not be reported because medical community is constantly evolving and potential links to deaths caused by substance abuse is continual (Single, 2009). What cannot be measured is the damage to the substance abuser’s family relationships and friends. The stress the abuser places on their family may also cause more rising health costs that could possibly remain unreported in the overall cost assessment. Literature suggests that approximately one-half of United States citizens reported that up to three family member s had firsthand knowledge of someone related to them having a substance abuse problem (Hussaarts, Roozen, Meyers, Van de Wetering, McCrady, 2012). Additionally, it has been calculated that for every individual with a substance abuse problem, up to five close relatives or friends will be negatively impacted in various life areas (Hussaarts, et. al. 2012). Therefore, there is a dollar amount associated with the effects of substance abuse as well as causing a multitude of problems for the abuser’sShow MoreRelatedIllegal Substance Abuse And Addiction1196 Words   |  5 PagesIllegal substance abuse and addiction can have far-reaching negative impacts that affect not only the people who abuse drugs but also their friends, family members, the community, and government resources. Substance abuse can lead to domestic violence, child abuse, suicide, crime, automobile accidents, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, and unwanted pregnancy. A particular area of concern of drug use and abuse is the impact of methamphetamine (meth) labs on public safety and the environmentRead MoreDrug Testing for TANF Recipients1020 Words   |  4 PagesDrug problems costs the US billions of dollars every year from disease, crime, accidents, child abuse, domestic violence, homelessness, and lost wages that causes deaths and other serious economic and social consequences (Hunter). The crimes include stealing, drug trafficking, murder, robbery, domestic violence, breaking and entering, child abuse and neglect, and assault. Health care problems, such as overdoses, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and tuberculosis, are often results of substance abuse. 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Many substances were also used in medicine derived from certain plants for anesthetics such as opioids from poppy seeds. In addition, nicotine and tobacco products and other hallucinogenic substances were used for recreationalRead MoreUnderstanding Drug Use And Addiction. The National Institute1116 Words   |  5 P agesUnderstanding Drug Use and Addiction The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) describes addiction as a, â€Å"chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences† (â€Å"Understanding Drug Use and Addiction,† 2016). Long-term use can effect and change a person’s ability to learn, judge, and make decisions. Stress, memory issues, and behavior problems are also common side effects of extended drug use. There is not one single factorRead MoreCurrent Trends in Drug and Alcohol Addiction Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesa staple of human consumption (Hanson, 2013, Para. 1). As the centuries passed alcohol and drugs became ingrained in the early cultures of recorded history, the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Chinese, and early Christians all utilized mind-altering substances in ceremony and celebration (Hanson, 2013, Para. 3). Today, drugs and alcohol still play an active role in societies around the world. Yet, governments in the majority of these societies have strict prohibitions against certain drugs, and limitationsRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On American Soil Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesIn a day and age where there is no clear or apparent bad guy, the United States battles an elusive foe on our home soil. The current epidemic of drug abuse claims the lives of thousands of Americans without any discrimination or bias. The decades old â€Å"war on drugs† has done little to hinder the devastating carnage of widespread drug abuse decimating today’s youth. This affliction hits home for almost all of us to at least some extent. The enemy is known, we as a country however have yet to deviseRead MoreEssay about Substance Abuse Recovery824 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the higher cost, a high-end substance abuse treatment center does not constitute better treatment. The support of therapists, counselors, family, friends, and peers can all be important factors in the recovery process. The most significant factor for an individual in the recovery process is a desire and a willingness to change. Many options exist for individuals that want to recover from addiction. These options include substance abuse rehabilitation centers and support groups such as AlcoholicsRead MoreAddiction Is The Most Common Addiction991 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction is more of a condition than a disease, and can be considered to be a behavioral disorder that stems from personal choice. Addiction is a controversial issue, and many people debate on whether addiction is seen as a disease or a personal choice. There has been many studies that have proven addiction to be a disease that stems from personal choice. Addiction is a chronic brain disease that causes habitual drug use ( Drug abuse, 2012). Over time the brain changes, and the person who is addictedRead MoreThe Nations Drug Problem Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesIt is also the most undesirable drug, as it costs the government over $20 0 billion in terms of productivity, health and crime-related costs (Office of National Drug Control Policy 2). Marijuana, which accounts for over $100 billion in costs, is the next most common drug after alcohol. Drug addiction is not only in adults, but also in underage individuals. This means, the entire population is affected. The increased indulgence in drug and substance abuse has been associated with several issues, among

How the Fast Food Affects Our Lives - 1795 Words

Nhung Mai Professor Orozco English 301 B 10 December 2011 How the Fast Food Affects Our Lives Many American children like eating fast food even though it is unhealthy because it is tasty and fast services. They do not have to wait for foods when they are hungry. They can receive foods within 10 or 15 minutes. Fast foods actually are very convenient for everybody when they do not have time to cook and have to have foods for children. However, there are the many serious effects of fast food to children. The children have to face high risks to their health when fast food contributes to children’s obesity. Obesity is a big problem to children’s health because children can develop many serious diseases. There are â€Å"more than 30 medical†¦show more content†¦They will be separated with the communities when they feel so shy with big bodies. They do not want play sports because their bodies let them move harder and slower. They feel too tired to play again. They just want to sit down, watch the game and eat. Therefore, ob esity prevents children to join in many social activities. It is hard to bring them many opportunities to have a high social status in the future. They may get worse if they are too fat, even they are going to die. It will end up the new workforce to develop the US economy because children are the future of the country. One of the reasons that parents are being fooled by fast food companies do not make any specific claims about the healthfulness or calorie content of their menu items. Zinczenko notes that â€Å"advertisements don’t carry warning labels the way tobacco ads do†¦ Some fast-food purveyors will provide calorie information on request, but even that can be hard to understand.† (154)Some kind of fast food does not have the label about the nutrition on the menus or on the hamburger in the fast food restaurant. There are some tiny words to write how much calories that contains in a fast food meal but parents are hard to recognize when the picture of a big M ac is big, multicolored and attractive. The nutrition label will tell parents how many calories children have when they consume a hamburger at fast food restaurant. If children do not eat fast food and they have healthyShow MoreRelatedDisadvantages Of Fast Food1566 Words   |  7 PagesFast food is taking over many people’s lives living around the world. Many people all over the United States are overweight or obese due to eating so much fast food. Fast food affects peoples physical weight, emotional and mental health and media influence. There are no advantages to eating fast food, especially at a young age. Fast food is a scary road to turn down as a young kid growing up into an adult. Fast food is pretty much its own simple definition when you think about it, it is literallyRead MoreUnderstanding The Impact Of Junk Food Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pages: Understanding the Impact of Junk Food INTRODUCTION Junk Food is that type of food which doesn’t contain nutritional value. It do not contain high level of calories and has little protein, vitamins and minerals. Such foods are also not good for health and has negative effects after consuming them. Why there is a More Demand of Junk Food? There are following reasons which shows that why people are attracted towards junk food:- â ¦  Preparation of junk food doesn’t take so much time and it isRead MoreIn Praise Of Fast Food Summary877 Words   |  4 PagesEngland, Rachel Lauden grew up eating farm fresh foods. She later obtained an education and went on teaching at universities in many different places. Shortly after, she composed articles about the history behind cooking and culinary heritage (Faigley 269). Lauden is very passionate about gastronomy, the science of healthy eating (â€Å"Gastronomy†). Her passion for the intricate culinary history shows throughout her authored work, â€Å"In Praise of Fast Food†. The author catches the reader’s attention becauseRead MoreFast Food And The Dark Side Of All American Meals1027 Words   |  5 PagesThe obesity rate is twice the proportion in Taiwan compared to Korea. I think this number is an admonishment to let us to know that eating junk food not only affects people’s health, but also influences the country’s develo pment. There are many books and movies, coving fast food and the dark side of all American meals. According to Eric Schlosser, â€Å"Fast food is now so commonplace that it has acquired an air of inevitability, as though it were somehow unavoidable, a fact of modern life†(7). In factRead MoreObesity Of People : Obesity1004 Words   |  5 Pagesand more technology to make our lives easier (and lazier),fast food chains on every block (unhealthy foods are much less expensive than the healthy foods we should be eating) and are all factors to weight gain in our country.Obesity can be divided into three main causes – diet, lifestyle and education. One of the chief causes is diet. Young Emiratis eat more and more high-carbohydrate, high-fat burgers and pizza in fast-food restaurants. However, some traditional foods are also very oily, and becauseRead MoreThe Benefits Of Junk Food710 Words   |  3 PagesDo you know how Im going to make America better? As President, I will make su re provided food is healthier. Junk food is defined as food with little nutritional value. Also, it is very high on calories and fats. Fats from unhealthy food trigger the brain to want more. If you eat unhealthy food, it can lead to heart disease. For the past 30 years, the number of overweight teenagers has been tripled and also the number of overweight children has been doubled. Making food healthier will benefit allRead MoreThe Fast Food Industry Has a Harmful Effect on Society1211 Words   |  5 PagesThesis: The fast food industry has a harmful affect on society. Topic Sentence 1: Fast food causes Coronary Artery Disease. Topic Sentence 2: Fast food is popular among our nation. Topic Sentence 3: The environment is affected by the fast food industry. We provide food that customers love, day after day after day. People just want more of it†(Ray Kroc, Founder of McDonald’s). Coronary Artery Disease is a type of heart disease and the most common cause of heart attacks. Plaque from eating unhealthyRead MoreObesity Epidemic : A Growing Problem Within Our Population861 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem within our population. With serious health issues associated with obesity, it is a problem that needs to be addressed and changed. While fast foods have been around for a long time, many people claim that fast food places are to blame. Each day people turn to fast food for a quick meal, wether it is breakfast, lunch, dinner, or even snacks. As fast foods begin to expand and progress throughout the world, people especially in the United States, have started to blame fast foods for their healthRead MoreTeen Obesity Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagescom. In the US the food proportions are a lot larger than the proportions in other parts of the world. Also, there are more variations of food and more types of food to indulge on. This is supported by greed. People feel the need to want anything and everything. Most teenagers do not know their limits. Once they have something they want more of it. If not then once they have something they want something else. Also, adolescents are lazy they eat fast food, and microwavable food instead of cookingRead MoreFast Food Is Bad For Our Health855 Words   |  4 Pagesgetting fast food for them and their family so they went have to cook. You can get fast food almost on every corner of a street and on any continent you go to. Fast food is now starting to invade non fast food eater’s lives by offering so called health items on the menu. Fast food is everywhere and people don’t consider what’s in the fast food they eat. What it could do to our health and why you feel sluggish, and when I go will I get a rude employee because her boss was angry at her, how people gain

Validation of Business Process Models

Question: Discuss about the Validation of Business Process Models. Answer: Introduction: The article written by Morgan Masters presented this week describes the whole topic Swimlane Diagrams. The Business Analyst- Mr. Morgan has very clearly and tactically described the topic. The Swimlane Diagram has been defined as a process flow diagram, also known as Cross-functional diagram which have divisions featuring each lane as an entity, actor, machine and group ("An Introduction to Swimlane Diagrams Business Analyst Community Resources | Modern Analyst", 2017). Swim lanes can be vertical or horizontal but that does not change the display of information which has to be in chronological or logical order. The diagram is said to have several advantages which are easy and clean follow ways, versatile concept, and power to impart right information diagrammatically to the viewer or analyst. In addition, information displayed through this has been considered accurate, precise and is helpful in identifying redundancy or inefficiency (Jeyaraj Sauter, 2014). Further, the author also addresses the process of creating such diagrams. The article has mentioned some of the software namely Ms Visio which can be used for designing this process. Mr. Morgan the author has clearly defined the step of designing the figure through construction, verbiage and certain tools with which the diagram can be constructed. The author considers it helpful for the analyst who can review the diagram and identify the area of time lapse, inefficiency and redundancy in the process. The article suggests of looking for the Hand-offs and Turn-arounds for realizing the time or resource loss that occurred in the process ("An Introduction to Swimlane Diagrams Business Analyst Community Resources | Modern Analyst", 2017). The whole article has been carefully paragraphed for clear understanding. It has proved highly beneficial for the information it has imparted over the Swimlane Diagrams. Use of this diagram in general process will help avoid any inefficiency that may be faced at a later stage. References An Introduction to Swimlane Diagrams Business Analyst Community Resources | Modern Analyst. (2017). Modernanalyst.com. Retrieved 26 April 2017, from https://www.modernanalyst.com/Resources/Articles/tabid/115/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/1868/An-Introduction-to-Swimlane-Diagrams.aspx Jeyaraj, A. N. A. N. D., Sauter, V. L. (2014). Validation of business process models using swimlane diagrams.J Inf Technol Manag,25(4), 27.

Motivation Theories free essay sample

Content theories of motivation are based on the fact that the labor activity of workers due solely to the needs and focus on their identification. In turn, procedural theories of motivation are based on the fact that behavior of an individual is determined not only by a person’s needs, but also by the perception of the situation, expectations for the capacity, as well as the effects of the selected type of behavior, according to Motivation. Needs. It should be noted that Abraham Maslow recognized that people have many different needs and they could be divided into five main categories: he theory of justice expectations. According to this theory, the results achieved by the employee depend on three variables: the effort, the ability of a persons character and awareness of its role in the labor process. The level of effort, in turn, depends on the value of interest and assesses the likelihood of relations efforts and rewarded. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation Theories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Achieving the desired results can lead to internal rewards of the satisfaction of the work performed, and external rewards financial incentives, praise, career, etc. It is also believed that there may be a link between performance and employee to give him rewards that reflect the possibilities determined by the head of a particular employee and the organization. Value theory by L. Porter E. Lawler in the practice of motivation is that it shows how important it is to create a motivational system to combine elements such as effort, ability, results, reward, satisfaction and perception. Furthermore L. Porter E. Lawler showed that the high productivity of work is the cause of complete satisfaction, rather than a consequence of it. An important conclusion of this theory is the need to change the employees salary, depending on the success of his work. According to the theory of justice, people have their own assessment of the equity interest issued for certain results. Satisfaction is the result of internal and external rewards based on their equity. Satisfaction is a measure of how valuable reward actually is. This assessment will affect the persons perception of future situations. Motivational concepts that are also enough known are related to a group of content theories are the theory of David McClelland, in which he focuses on the needs of the higher levels: power, success and involvement. On this basis, according to McClelland, there is a fourth requirement to avoid trouble, obstacles or opposition to the implementation of the above three requirements. Motivational and hygienic model of F. Herzberg. It is widely known among scholars and practitioners was another model of motivation, developed F. Hertzberg with employees in the mid 50-ies of XX century and known as the two-factor theory of hygiene. As hygiene factors, he took the following: company policy and administration;Â  working conditions; earnings; interpersonal relationships with superiors, colleagues and subordinates; degree of direct control over the work. Motivation, according to F. Herzberg, is achievement of objectives, promotion, high level of responsibility and autonomy, creative and business growth, recognition, interesting content work. According to F. Herzberg hygiene factors themselves are not a cause for satisfaction, but their degradation leads to dissatisfaction with work, according to Frederick Herzbergs motivation and hygiene factors. Therefore, these factors are not motivating for employees’ value. Group motivators directly cause job satisfaction and affect the level of labor achievements. The theory of five nuclear factors by Hackman and Oldham. In the 70-ies of XX century was published a review of Hackman and Oldham the impact of the content of labor to maintain motivation. Developing the doctrine F. Herzberg, in their model, they identified five so-called nuclear factors, which, to them, a significant effect on work motivation. In accordance with the severity of these factors in the ordinary activities of the employee, they lead to the specific experiences that Hackman and Oldham called critical mental states. Group theory of valence-instrumentality expectations includes concepts of Heinz Heckhausen, Vroom and a number of similar theories relating to procedural learning motivation towards work behavior. Common to these theories is the proposition that there is a requirement not only requirement motivation. People consciously choose a course of conduct which, in their view, would lead to the desired results. These theories try to explain what objectives are formed, and why, how persistent they are pursued to achieve the expected results. The theory of Justice S. Adams. The group process of theories of motivation is aimed at organizational problems of production, the substance of the work, and is to be widely used in the western management theory of justice, developed in the 60 years of XX century. Adams, on the results of studies conducted in the company General-Electric. This theory postulates the search for the individual a certain state of equilibrium with its social environment (in particular, in terms of evaluation and pay, rewards for achievement). Individual compares two relationships: the relationship between his own effort and reward; same ratio, seen in monitoring the activities of others and to compare with their own efforts and reward. The theory of motivation of D. Atkinson. One of the theories is a process known as the theory of motivation of D. Atkinson, the essence of which is as follows. Employee behavior is the result of the interaction of the individual qualities of the individual and the situation of its perception. Each person strives for success, avoids failure and has two related motives: the motive for success and motivations to avoid failures. The theory of reinforcement B. Skinner. A significant contribution to the study of the mechanisms of human motivation to work made development of B. Skinner, who proposed the theory in 1938, increase motivation (reinforcement theory), the essence of which is as follows: peoples behavior is determined by their past experiences. Consequently, workers prefer a mission that in the past entailed positive results, according to Theories of Motivation. All in all, there are many motivational theories and many authors who have shown their opinion considering the issue. Lyman Porter and Edward Lawler, Maslow, Atkinson Heckhausen, and Hackman and Oldham have different point of view but all of them have something in common. The theories of motivation describe the reasons and personal development that a human has and expands its potential, as well as the need for self-actualization that can never be fully satisfied. Works cited Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs motivational model.

Dramatic interest Essay Example

Dramatic interest Essay Example Dramatic interest Essay Dramatic interest Essay Essay Topic: Amadeus How does Shaffer draw upon aspects of the plays historical background to enhance its dramatic interest? Consider: The period in which the play is set Its setting Vienna The background of Court Life The events in Amadeus happen in the eighteenth and nineteen century. Vienna is the capital of an expansive empire. It is the centre of the musical world, somewhere seemingly perfect for a genius of music. We are immediately introduced to Viennas citizens who themselves are also an audience to the events that unfold. The emperors taste in music is superficial; Salieris simple compositions are ideal as they make no demand on the royal ear.Mozarts music is therefore too challenging for a man of such minimalism. Mozarts unutterably beautiful music is merely described as having too many notes. This clearly shows that they simply cannot comprehend the magnitude of Mozarts music as music cannot have too many notes. Historically, the play is set in the Age of Reason. People in this era fundamentally believe that shared beliefs were more important than personal opinion, and therefore public life mattered more than private life. With this in mind we can directly contrast this way of life with what Mozart brings to Vienna.Our initial meeting with him shows us his complete disregard to social etiquette and a personality totally unheard of for his time. Mozart shows no sense of hesitation to commit sexual acts in a library. Directly contrasted with this wild character is Salieri. Salieri epitomises the culture in the Age of Reason, his conservative way of living is exposed both sexually and musically. It is in these two fields where Mozart is illustrated so creatively, Ill want everything backwards, once Im married I would want to lick my wifes arse instead of her face.Salieri performs simple music for the Emperors non-demanding ear and his wife is described as his domestic companion with a lack of fire. Mozart is said to be set in the Romantic period. This culture is predominately focussed on the idea of free speech. There is also an element of spontaneity. This is shown by Mozart in the library scene where he says marry me. Another important Romantic impulse is the notion of carpe diem. This means to live for the moment, and not plan for the future. We encounter this when we see Salieri making a promise with God and arranging his prospects.Mozart on the other hand neglects order and structure and has a child when he clearly doesnt have the mental capacity and ironically the finance to do so. Since the Age of Reason believes that commitment to decorum helped preserve societys important moral standards, the Establishment are very anti-Mozart. This new revolution stands for everything that their culture is against. With this in mind it creates the ideology of new versus old. Society is apprehensive to accept a new phenomenon to break their convention because no one likes to chance change. This theme is faultlessly expressed in Amadeus.Paradoxically it is the lower class citizens who are the ones who understand Mozarts music. This could be showing that perhaps there is more to a genius that meets the eye. Maybe that genius is in the eye of the beholder and that your status holds no predisposition on whether you can truly encompass the complexity of something as vast as Mozarts music. Despite the conflict between the historical dichotomies fused into this era, there is a message that they both needed each other. Salieri needed Mozart so he could begin to understand reality and how life isnt fair when Mozart needed Salieri in order to get money for his music.All serious operas written in this century are boring. This shows Mozart clearly expressing himself however he wants. The provocative nature of it shows how he speaks what he thinks and goes against the conformist way of agreeing politely. For example, Joseph says, Have I told you this before? and the Establishment all reply No your majesty when in fact he has. Due to the lying attitude of the court and largely Salieri it creates the impression of him metaphorically wearing a mask as a way of covering up the truth.As Mozart is such an outcast in this false society it makes the death of him seem inevitable; yet we feel sorry for him as it is largely societies fault for not excepting him. After this speech we see Salieri and Orsini-Rosenberg somewhat ganging up on Mozart. This fits in with the idea of the people within the Age of Reason act together as part of a community. However this is a very malicious way of fighting Mozart. Ironically they are a society revolved around the idea of fairness, yet they are being rude enough to talk in Italian when in the presence of Von Strack who cannot understand it.Orsini-Rosenberg tears out some pages of Mozarts manuscripts. This shows that both historical backgrounds dont understand what is right and what is wrong. Mozart doesnt understand how to get by in society, this is because he is ahead of his time, where Salieri doesnt understand moral limitations and takes his jealousy too far. Shaffer scrutinises both ways of life and is perhaps showing that because life isnt fair we are never going to have a perfect society. Killing Mozart didnt make Salieri better at music.

Discusion Board Own Opinion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discusion Board Own Opinion - Essay Example From an idealism perspective you have some nations fighting for their religion, or they use their religion as a pretext for war. You have other nations fighting for resources. America has always maintained, in any conflict it was involved in that they fight for the right of all humans to be free. I think the question that should be asked is why is America the only country that thinks it knows how to define freedom? Roosevelt was lucky, if you can call it that, that America’s economy lifted at a time when his policies of higher taxes and more jobs were stripping the country of any leisure spending. In his case the tax payers didn’t have a choice – they either paid taxes to pay for welfare programs, or to put people into work which amounted to the same thing. Obama, despite saying that he wants to follow FDR seems to think he can do the same thing but in a â€Å"different† way. The debate isn’t so much that Obama or FDR were right or wrong, but rather what system if any has ever been right. Economists say now that less than 5% of the population of America have 40% of the wealth. The rich-poor divide just keeps getting bigger and is now being seen on a global scale. But while there is still only two major parties in any democratic government voters only have two choices – left or right. Obama’s attempt to put himself in the middle is likely to backfire because when you are sitting in the middle you can get blasted from both sides. How is America’s current relationship with developing countries different from America’s relationship with the third world during the cold war? Is it different at all? What issues divide America and developing countries today? During the cold war America had a very clear policy about right and wrong – you were either a communist loving country, or you weren’t and America was helpful to any country that could show they were not allied with

Steve Jobs, a Modern Hero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Steve Jobs, a Modern Hero - Essay Example He was among the most influential persons in the globe for the last four decades. So influential he was, but not without authority. He assembled a team that was accordingly competent and conformed to his commands with total fealty. Not just his death, his resignation as Apple’s Chief Executive Officer was a total anguish to the world. The public response to the tremendous death was that only seen in cases involving tales about epic heroes. Like a modern hero, he accepted assistance from his fellows as well as subordinates. In addition, he inspired those he worked with to be better. Fearless to dream, he invented technologies that extremely fulfilled the lives of countless people. This paper focuses on the life of Steve Jobs as a modern hero, triumphing via initiative, technology, and will power, who looks at things from a global perspective. Born on February 24, 1955 to an unmarried Joanne Simpson and Abdufattah Jandari in San Francisco , Steven was given up to adoption and adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs of California who brought him up . His adoptive parents cherished and nurtured his curiosity in electronics. He dropped out of college in 1972 when he felt his parents were struggling too much to educate him and he was still not sure of what he wanted. He foremost saw a computer terminal at NASA’s Ames Research Center. ... His engineers at Apple tailored the idea to come up with two great computers, the pricier Lisa and Macintosh (Iwatani & Fowler Web). After this, one invention came after another, from the ‘graphical’ PC of 1984 to Pixer, Apple completely changed the world of computers. It kept building new and better innovations under the guidance of the competent Jobs. He was once pushed out of Apple for eleven years due to discrepancy with Sculley. Even when out of Apple his dream remained sentient, and he opened another company ‘NEXT’. He later rejoined Apples, to find it struggling to remain in the picture but he invigorated the company (Robertson Web). Most fancied of his inventions is the launch of iPod in 2001, a pocket garget that could lug up to 1000 songs. Next came the touch screen iPhone in 2007 coupled by Apple’s App Store in the subsequent year. In 2010, arrived the iPad. These and other innovations ranked Apples as the second biggest company by 2011 in United States. Though most felt that creation of iPad was unimportant, Steve wizardly convinced the world to accept and buy the tablet sized all touch computer. Jobs ideas resulted not only in Apple’s success but also fashioned everything, from Hollywood to music industry. They changed PC as well as digital media industries (Robertson Web). Jobs unreservedly transformed the field of technology, completely revolutionizing the word. He had an entirely diverse way of envisaging things, always believed in himself and brilliant enough to implement what he contemplated. No hero lacks rivals, and Steve did have some, Bill Gates a computer intellect like Jobs was one of them. The difficult path full of the setbacks and disappointments he had to follow to be triumphant as well as the challenges he came across but

The Peloponnesian War Essay Example for Free

The Peloponnesian War Essay The Greek empire did not comprise of any center for power ruling over the states, instead it consisted of numerous city-states each having independence and being governed in a manner separate from the rest. Where Athens had a democratic style of government, with everyone from the populace having the right to participate in the government (except for women and slaves), Sparta had a totalitarian form of governance. The populace was divided into 3 distinct classes which included Spartan men (who were all raised to be warriors), Spartan women (who were patriotic, proud, and exhibited more independence then women from other states) and finally Helots, or slaves (Adams). Aside from the political difference between the states, even their culture was vastly different. The lifestyles of Athenian citizens encouraged them to seek artistic and intellectual pursuits whereas Spartan men were trained to be soldiers from birth and led a life by the sword. Athens was the most powerful state amongst the other states in the Greek Empire. After the expulsion of the Persian from the continent by the Greek allies led by Athens, the state became the central power by increasing their forces and converting the ally states into tribute paying states with the money earned going into improving Athens infrastructure and help strengthen its naval fleet. It did not make matters any better when in a Helot uprising in Sparta, when Sparta called for aid from all the other Greek allies, it dismissed the contingent from Athens as they feared the troops would change sides and support the Helots instead, since Athens was a democratic state and Sparta was not. . The Peloponnesian War, which lasted from 431 – 404 BC provided the states a chance to enter into direct confrontation with each other to resolve their issues once and for all. In my opinion, the Peloponnesian War was an outlet for the states to finally destroy the others as each saw the others existence as an affront. The superiority of Athens and their cultural background clashed with the ferocity and dominant attitude of the Spartans and eventually an altercation would have taken place. This paper will identify the strengths of the two city-states, determine which factors gave them an edge over the other and will analyze whether the states where able to maximize the potential of those benefits. Military Background Athens Athens was the most prosperous state on the continent. It had wealth and a large population, being the centre for business and politics. After the Persian invasion, Athens took on the leading role and used its position to build its own state far surpassing the others. When the Persians had been defeated, the allies of Athens were reduced to subservient tribute paying states that were supposed to aid Athens prosper even more. The policies adopted by Athens towards the other states exhibit the superior attitude with which Athens looked upon the other states. Athens had a defensive wall built around its city which made land attacks impractical and futile. Since the Persians had left and Athens had begun work to strengthen the walls, Sparta had seriously been against the measure as they recognize the tactical benefit Athens would obtain as Sparta would have difficulty in defeating Athens with the presence of the wall. Athens also had a strong naval fleet. Its fleets were much superior to the other states’ and it was able to maximize upon its advantage by using said fleets to ravage the Peloponnesus (Hooker, 1999). Sparta Sparta, as mentioned earlier, was a state which trained every one of its inhabitants to become warriors. From birth onwards, Spartan men lived a life of training and fighting to become the ultimate soldiers. Therefore the Spartan army relied on its brute strength and its training superiority. The Spartan infantry was more numerous than the Athenian and in size; the Spartan army far surpassed the other states’. Throughout the course of the Peloponnese War, Sparta used its numbers to ravage the territory around Athens (Attica in general). Historical Events Exhibiting Military Strategies The first war between Sparta and Athens was the Archidamian War, named after the Spartan king, was initiated by the Spartans. The Spartan troops invaded the lands surrounding Athens and were meant to deprive the city-state of its food source and access to its productive land. The strategy employed by the Spartans was a strategy any land based army would adopt. To cut off supplies and eventually force the opponent to surrender is probably the most successful way to gain victory without shedding much blood on the attacker’s side. Spartan troops however were unable to succeed by this strategy as Athens was able to acquire food and material via its ports which it still had access to. The Spartan army itself was unable to stay over long periods of time due to the harvesting of their own crops and the inability to leave the helots unsupervised in the home state. The success of sieges work only if they are meant to last over longer durations, but the Spartans were able to stay at most for 40 days. From the start of the War we can see that the strengths of both the armies were conflicting with each other and an outright battle to rule was out of the question as both sides wished to play by their strengths. Athens adopted the strategy to avoid any land battles with its far more superior opponent due to its numbers and experience in land battles. But in 430 BC an outbreak of plague hit the city and roughly one third of the Athens population died. But the plague had the effect that the Spartan armies did not want to catch the sickness and decided to put the ravaging expeditions on a hold as it would bring them in proximity to the Athenians (B. Strassler, 1996). After recovering from the plague, Athens launched an offensive by sending out its naval troops to ravage the port cities of the Peloponnesus. Athens began stretching its military activities to further reaches and began setting up posts in the Peloponnesus bringing the war closer to the Spartans. Instead of engaging in direct confrontations, the Athenian forces began drawing the Spartan helots to them which crippled Sparta as most of the domestic work was tended to by these slaves. Sparta led an expedition to the Athenian colony of Amphipolis, which was controlled nearby silver mines which basically funded the Athenian troops. A war was fought in Brasidas which eventually led to the two states signing a truce which lasted 6 years (ThinkQuest). The truce was an excuse for both sides to build up their strengths as both had faced economic losses. During the era of peace, the Athenians were able to gather support from the states of Argos, Mantinea and Arcadia. The allied coalition appeared to get early victories but was eventually crushed by the Spartan forces. It can clearly be seen that Sparta had the major advantage in land battles and that Athens was initially wise in avoiding direct clashes as in the battle of Mantinea, which was the largest land battle fought in the Peloponnesian War, Sparta was able to crush its opponents brutally. The deciding battle in the war could probably be the Sicilian expedition. Syracuse (which shared the same race as the Spartans) were attacking Sicily (which shared the race with Athenians). Since Sicily was the second largest state and would have provided much needed resource to Athens, Athens decided to help them. Troops sent for aiding Sicily proved incapable of defeating the Syracusan forces. While the Athenian forces waited to gather more allies in the surrounding vicinity, Syracuse was able to get the support from Sparta which tipped the scale in Sparta’s favor. Around this time Athens was facing harsh times as Spartan forces had made access to their lands difficult and food and other necessities had to be shipped in which cost a lot to the Athens government. The main source of funding for the Athenian forces was the silver mines which had now been taken over by the Spartans. To accommodate for the decrease in capital, Athens began demanding more tribute from its allies. This created friction amongst the coalition and would eventually lead to dissatisfaction in the allies. (Hanson, 2005) Realizing the tactical advantage Athens possessed due to its navy, Sparta contacted the Persians and took their aid in building its own navy. The navy would prove to be the decisive factor as in 405 the critical blow hit Athens when the Spartan commander Lysander took his navy northward to Hellespont and destroyed the Athenian forces existing there. This blow seemed too big to bear and Athens eventually conceded defeat and had to succumb to the humiliating terms laid down by the Spartans (Thucydides Lattimore, 1998). Personal Observations Pertaining to the Peloponnesian War The war was not won due to the number of forces or the number of allies that any side had but it relied on the ability of the army to change to meet the situation. Both sides possessed benefits in separate areas, with Spartans having superiority on land and Athens having the superiority on the seas. But Sparta was constantly reevaluating its approaches and battle plans and would accommodate for the situation at hand. Rather than relying strictly on sieges and confronting on the mainland, Sparta developed its own naval strength and reduced the competitive advantage that the Athens forces had over it. Even though from the beginning Sparta would have been deemed as the military superior, Athens had a number of opportunities to tip the war in their favor. Such as during the Sicilian expedition, it was mismanagement and lethargy which cost the Athens forces defeat. Conclusion The strengths of the two states were clearly exhibited in this research paper but no amount of strength is affective if it does not keep training and does not keep advancing. The Athens forces made this mistake by simply relying on one’s strength and believing it would win them the war where in truth Sparta proved to be the wiser of the two and used the opponent’s strength, incorporated into its own arsenal and eventually won the war. The Spartans were able to not only maximize on their own strength during the war (land based warfare) but created advancements in their weakness as well and had they not done so, the war would have lasted for numerous more years due to an intermittent deadlock as both sides initially had opposing tactical advantages. References Adams, P. (n. d. ). Comparing Athens and Sparta. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from Discovery Education: http://school. discoveryeducation. com/lessonplans/programs/spartans/ B. Strassler, R. (1996). In R. B. Strassler, The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War. New York: The Free Press. Hanson, V. D. (2005). In V. D. Hanson, A War Like No Other: How the Athenians and Spartans Fought the Peloponnesian War. New York: Random House. Hooker, R. (1999, June 6). Ancient Greece. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from Ancient Greece: The Peloponnesian War: http://wsu. edu/~dee/GREECE/PELOWARS. HTM ThinkQuest. (n. d. ). Peleponnesian War. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from ThinkQuest. com: http://library. thinkquest. org/17709/wars/peloponn. htm Thucydides, Lattimore, S. (1998). In S. Lattimore, The Peloponnesian War. Hackett Publishing.

The Nature of the Mind :: essays research papers

A leading exponent of the substantial view was George Berkeley, an 18th century Anglican bishop and philosopher. Berkeley argued that there is no such thing as matter and what humans see as the material world is nothing but an idea in God's mind, and that therefore the human mind is purely a manifestation of the soul. Few philosophers take an extreme view today, but the view that the human mind is of a nature or essence somehow different from, and higher than, the mere operations of the brain, continues to be widely held. Berkeley's views were attacked, and in the eyes of many demolished, by T.H. Huxley, a 19th century biologist and disciple of Charles Darwin, who agreed that the phenomena of the mind were of a unique order, but argued that they can only be explained in reference to events in the brain. Huxley drew on a tradition of materialist thought in British philosophy dating to Thomas Hobbes, who argued in the 17th century that mental events were ultimately physical in nature, although with the biological knowledge of his day he could not say what their physical basis was. Huxley blended Hobbes with Darwin to produce the modern materialist or functional view. Huxley's view was reinforced by the steady expansion of knowledge about the functions of the human brain. In the 19th century it was not possible to say with certainty how the brain carried out such functions as memory, emotion, perception and reason. This left the field open for substantialists to argue for an autonomous mind, or for a metaphysical theory of the mind. But each advance in the study of the brain during the 20th century made this harder, since it became more and more apparent that all the components of the mind have their origins in the functioning of the brain. Huxley's rationalism, however, was disturbed in the early 20th century by the ideas of Sigmund Freud, who developed a theory of the unconscious mind, and argued that those mental processes of which humans are subjectively aware are only a small part of their total mental activity. Freudianism was in a sense a revival of the substantial view of the mind in a secular guise.

International Economics Essay

1. Why did the Mercantilists consider holdings of precious metals so important to nation-state building? (6 points) Wealth was viewed as synonymous with holdings of precious metals. Nation-states wished to become wealthy and this meant obtaining large holdings of precious metals. It is also argued by some that the shortage of coinage constrained the growth of these nation-sates and that precious metals were required to increase the supply of coinage (money) in order for the countries to grow. 2. Assume that both the United States and Germany produce beef and computer chips with the following costs: (12 points) a. What is the opportunity cost of beef (B) and computer chips (C) in each country? In the United States: the opportunity cost of one unit of beef is 2 chips; the opportunity cost of one chip is 1/2 unit of beef. In Germany: the opportunity cost of one unit of beef is 4 chips; the opportunity cost of one  chip is 1/4 unit of beef. b. In which commodity does the United States have a comparative cost advantage? What about Germany? The United States has a comparative cost advantage in beef with respect to Germany, while Germany has a comparative cost advantage in computer chips. c. What is the range for mutually beneficial trade between the United States and Germany for each computer chip traded? The range for mutually beneficial trade between the United States and Germany for each unit of beef that the United States exports is: 2C < 1B < 4C d. How much would the United States and Germany gain if 1 unit of beef is exchanged for 3 chips? Both the United States and Germany would gain 1 chip for each unit of beef traded. 3. â€Å"If U.S. productivity growth does not keep up with that of its trading partners, the United States will quickly lose its international competitiveness and not be able to export any products, and its standard of living will fall.† Critically evaluate this statement in light of what you have learned in chapter 3 of the textbook. (10 points) This statement could be true if trade was based on absolute advantage. However, since trade can take place on the basis of comparative advantage, what counts is relative cost differences. Consequently a country can be less efficient or become less efficient in all goods and yet again from trade as long as there are relative cost differences in autarky. Thus, different rates of productivity growth may change what a country exports, but it is unlikely that it would ever take away the basis for trade, its ability to expert. 4. The following table shows the number of days of labor required to produce a unit of textiles and autos in the United Kingdom and the United States: (12 points) Textiles Autos United Kingdom 3 days 6 days United States 2 days 5 days a. Calculate the number of units of textiles and autos that can be produced from 1 day of labor in each country. In the United Kingdom one day of labor can produce 1/3 of a unit of textiles and 1/6 of a unit of automobiles. In the United States, one day of labor can produce  ½ of a unit of textiles and 1/5 of a unit of automobiles. b. Suppose that the United States has 1,000 days of labor available. Construct the production-possibilities frontier for the United States. 500 U.S c. Construct the U.S. consumption-possibilities frontier with trade if the terms of trade are 1 auto: 2 units of textiles. 500 textiles U.S d. Select a pre-trade consumption point for the United States, and indicate how trade can yield a consumption point that gives the United States greater consumption of both goods. 500 textiles U.S 5. In the previous question, suppose that the United States always wishes to consume autos and textiles at the ratio of 1 auto to 10 textiles. What quantity of each good would the United States consume in autarky? What combination would the United States consume with trade and complete specialization? What would be the gains from trade? (10 points) In autarky, the production ( and consumption ) of textiles and autos will utilize all the available 1000 days of labor. Thus, with T = number of units of textiles produced and A = number of autos produced, 1000 = ( 2 days / unit) T + (5 days / unit )A. The consumption requirement is that 10 units of textiles be consumed for every unit of automobiles. Hence, total textile production is equal to (10) ( total auto production), 10A thus, given the available labor, and substituting 10A for T, 1000 = (2)(10A) + 5 A A= 40 units If A = 40 units, then textile production and trade, textile production equal 500 units. Consumption of textiles (CT) is equal to textile production minus the textile exports used to enquire auto imports, and auto imports are equal to auto consumption (CA). With the international terms of trade of 1A:2T, auto imports = (1A/2T)(exports of textiles) = (1A/2T)*(textile production – textile consumption). By the demand assumption, consumption of auto is also equal to (1/10)(textile concumption). Hence , CA = (1/2)(500 –CT ) and CA = (1/10)(CT). Thus, (1/2)(500- CT) = (1/10)(CT) 250 – (1/2)(CT) = (1/10)(CT) 0.6CT = 250 CT = 416 2/3 units With Ct = 416 2/3 units, CA therefore equals 41 2/3 Unitts. Because of specialization and trade, the united States had gained 16 2/3 Units of textiles ( 416 2/3 – 400 ) and 1 2/3 ( 41 2/3 – 40 ) in comparison with autarky situation. Another method of arriving at these results is to utilize the equations for the PPF and for the consumption pattern. In autarky the PPF equation is T = 500 – 2  ½ A, and the consumption equation is CT = 10CA. Solving the two equations for the two unknowns yields A = CA = 40 and T = CT = 400. With  trade, the equations to be utilized are for the consumption- possibilities frontier with trade has the equation T = 500 – 2A. When this equation is put with the consumption equation CT = 10 CA and the two equation are solved for two unknowns, the equilibrium results are A = CA = 41 2/3 AND T = CT = 416 2/3

Intro to Creating Realistic Photo Textures in Games

One of the major challenges of current and next-generation game development is the creation of the massive number of art resources required to create an immersive game world. Character, environment, and other supporting models must be created, and levels must be shelled out and populated with those models. But while you may have a functionally-playable game at that point (with the addition of a tremendous amount of other programming and resource work), you are lacking color, depth, and physical texture in your world. Taking a game from a gray box prototype to a completed game, suitable for public viewing, requires a lot of work for artists to create textures and materials to give the game the feeling of being in the world youve created. Weve touched on this briefly in previous tutorials: The basic concepts of UV mappingApplying and painting textures for a modelManually editing UV map coordinatesCylindrical maps and dealing with seamsIntermediate-level UV mapping techniques In those exercises, we used simple example maps that were hand-painted, but not designed for production work, nor realism. In this series, were going to show you how to make realistic photo textures for your own games, and do so on a reasonable budget. The results you can achieve with a small amount of work may surprise you. Lets get started. There are three primary ways to create photorealistic textures for games. Photo reference/Hand painting. These are the original two techniques for creating game textures. This is the simple process of creating a bitmapped image for use in a game, whether created completely from scratch using a paint application, or converting a photo into a game-ready format. (Both of these techniques are not necessarily simple in actual practice, as youll see later in this article.) This can be very quick, or moderately time-consuming, depending on what sort of results you desire, and how much work youre willing to put in.Procedurally-created. This method relies on algorithms and pre-defined inputs (either photo or completely synthetic) to create tileable/seamless pattern materials. Tiled materials allow you to use a single, highly-detailed texture to apply to a large surface in the game world, and have it repeat along the entire object, without obvious seams where one instance ends and the next begins. This is potentially the most efficient way to create good materials f or your game, however, most procedurally-created materials are quite clearly computer-generated-although the algorithms are improving all the time. Used wisely, however, they can be a tremendous time-saver for areas of your game which dont need to stand up to close scrutiny.High-poly to low-poly model and texture conversion. This is the most labor-intensive of the three options. This is frequently used for high-detail character models, or environment art that will be seen at close range (for example, walls that the character shelters behind in a first-person shooter). To perform this technique, an artist creates an extremely-high polygon model, far greater than the game engine is capable of handling in realtime, and then uses software techniques to bake textures onto a lower-polygon version of the same model. This transfers the surface detail from three-dimensional polygon data into a painted texture on the lower-poly model. This may include normal, bump, displacement, specular high light, ambient occlusion, and other map types to further create the illusion that the low-poly model has more detail than it does in reality. As you can imagine, the labor required to perform this process is extremely time and cost-prohibitive. The results can be spectacular, but you need to carefully assess whether this is necessary for your project. Most AAA games that are currently on the market for consoles use a combination of all three of these methods. You need to determine what is best suited for your project. If you are creating a more stylized game, hand-painted textures may be the way to go. If youre making a military first-person shooter, you are likely to use a lot of photo-based textures and high-poly models converted down with normal maps for maximum scene detail.